The role of organizational commitment to achieving organizational effectiveness at Coastal Municipalities Water Authority - the southern governorates.
Prepared by
A.Prof.Dr.Ayman hassan mohammed 
Specialization: Business Administration
Al-Aqsa University
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A.Alaa Akram Al-Haitham
Business Administration
Al-Aqsa University
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Abstract
The main target of the study is identifying the role of organizational commitment to achieving organizational effectiveness at Coastal Municipalities Water Authority in the southern governorates. Following the descriptive analytical approach, the study population consisted of all workers in the Coastal Municipalities Water Utility in the southern governorates, where the study population was (263) employees using the stratified random sampling method which was (157) unit as a minimum that to represent the community, 194 questionnaires were distributed , (179) responded with a recovery rate of (92.3%), and the study adopted the questionnaire as a main tool in the data collection process. 
Keywords: organizational commitment, organizational effectiveness.

Causal prediction of the relationship between post-traumatic growth and both psychological stress and self-esteem among a sample of people with physical disabilities in Dhi Qar Governorate
Prepared by
Dr. Hassan Mohsen Al-Jabri
Directorate General of Dhi Qar Education
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Abstract
The study aimed to discover the relationship between post-traumatic growth and both psychological stress and appreciation.The self among a sample of people with physical disabilities in Dhi Qar Governorate, and the differences between these variables due to gender (males, females), in addition to identifying psychological stress and self-esteem in predicting post-traumatic growth. The study sample consisted of (140) high school students in Dhi Qar governorate, with physical disabilities (fractures, amputations, burns, paralysis). The following tools were used for this purpose: the post-traumatic growth scale, psychological stress, and the self-esteem scale, after verifying their psychometric properties (honesty, stability) on the sample of the exploratory study similar to the basic sample, using the appropriate statistical methods.
The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between post-traumatic growth and self-esteem among the sample members, and a negative relationship between post-traumatic growth and psychological stress. The study also found statistically significant differences in these variables due to gender, as male students showed higher post-traumatic growth and self-esteem compared to females, but females showed higher stress than males. The analysis of variance showed that self-esteem and gender play a positive role in predicting post-traumatic growth.
Key words: post-traumatic growth, self-esteem, psychological stress, physical disability.

Technology is a social dilemma     (Article)
Prepared by
A.Prof. Dr. Muhammad Al-Jubouri
Social Psychology
Northern European Academy
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Abstract
Millions of people use social media and digital technology these days, so that these means have become an integral part of human daily life. It has become a major concern for most of us and consumes a lot of our time. This technology represented by social media has become controlling us so that it began to change our life and social behaviors until we reached the stage of addiction to its use. This social trans formation for her children. The dangers and disadvantages of excessive use of this technology made us highlight these dangers in this article, which is based on a documentary film.
Keywords: social media

The culture of quality of kindergarten female teachers and its relationship to      some variables (specialization - certificate - experience)
Prepared by:
M.Dr. Suad Abdullah Dawood
Wasit University / College of Basic Education
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Abstract
The research aimed at defining the level of application of quality culture for kindergarten female teachers and its relationship to some variables (specialization, certificate, experience,),In order to achieve the goal of the current research, the two researcher built a quality culture scale for kindergarten female teachers, dependent on previous books and studies, as the final image of the scale consisted of 24 paragraphs, distributed into three fields (leadership, performance evaluation, educational climate, cognitive awareness of the postulates of quality) .
The researcher extracted the indicators of the validity of the scale by extracting the apparent validity by presenting it to a group of experts, who are specialized in child psychology and educational psychological sciences. The validity of the construction was also verified through some of its indicators, and the reliability was estimated by the Fakronbach equation, and the reliability coefficient was (88.0).
After the psychometric properties of the scale were verified, the scale was applied to the main research sample of (135) female teachers, chosen according to the simple random method, and after data were collected and statistically addressed by applying appropriate statistical methods such as (T-test for one sample, T-test for two independent samples).
The following results were reached: the kindergarten female teachers, invariably apply the culture of quality.
In light of the results, the two researchers made some recommendations, including – the enhancement of kindergarten institutions through conducting scientific courses, seminars and conferences to promote the importance of quality culture and  develop the institution and raise it to the required level within the determined standards, and finally the role of media in dissemination of the culture of quality as the researchers suggested.
Key Words: (Quality Culture, Kindergarten Teachers) 

Financial decentralization in Iraq after 2003 the application and development mechanisms
Prepared by:
Dr. Ahmed Amer Najaf
Department of Economics
Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad Iraq 
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Dr. Wafaa Jafaar Al-Mahdawi
Department of Economics
Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad Iraq 
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Abstract
Fiscal decentralization in many developing countries and Iraq, in particular, lacks the requirements for effective implementation in terms of the distribution of spending and revenue responsibilities and authorities that are compatible with federal and local levels, although Iraq's 2005constitution divided the powers between federal and local governments, due to the fact Spending policies may not reflect the shape of the system  has accounted Local governments have contributed for 14% of the overall federal investment budget, while local revenues accounted for only 5% of the total revenue available for the period (2006-2019), Therefore, one of the objectives of the research is to determine the structure of the post-2003 financial decentralization system in Iraq, and ways to make decentralization work the success by achieving efficiency and effectiveness in providing local governments with the opportunity to improve responsiveness accountability and performance in the development and delivery of services, This entails the process of establishing the foundations for financial decentralization in Iraq, which allows the authorities to provide sufficient revenue to ensure the financing of local government responsibilities.
Keywords: Decentralization, fiscal decentralization, local financial sustainability, tunnel responsibilities, revenue responsibilities.